Publication date: Sep 18, 2026
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Although gamma-delta (γδ) T cells have increasingly been suggested to contribute to the TB immune response, quantitative and qualitative differences in this immune cell compartment between healthy and diseased individuals are not well-characterized. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to provide a high-resolution characterization of CD4CD8 γδ T cells in peripheral blood across healthy Mtb-(non-)sensitized and TB disease pre-/post-treatment cohorts. We found an activated and cytotoxic gene signature in γδ T cells of TB disease compared with both healthy cohorts. Strikingly, these differences persisted through 1 year following TB disease diagnosis. These transcriptomic differences were largely mediated by an NK-like cytotoxic Vδ1 and Vδ3 subset that was enriched in TB disease. Our findings suggest long-lasting changes in the CD4CD8 γδ T cell compartment and highlight specific subsets as potentially important in TB.
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| Concepts | Keywords |
|---|---|
| Cd4cd8 | single-cell RNA sequencing |
| Global | TB treatment |
| Healthy | tuberculosis |
| Mycobacterium | γδ T cells |
| Tuberculosis |
Semantics
| Type | Source | Name |
|---|---|---|
| disease | MESH | pulmonary tuberculosis |
| disease | MESH | Tuberculosis |
| pathway | KEGG | Tuberculosis |