Publication date: Sep 19, 2025
Tuberculosis remains a severe global health threat, exacerbated by the rising prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite the urgent need for effective interventions, the development of anti-tuberculosis drugs has been slow, and the emergence of pan-drug-resistant strains underscores the critical need for innovative therapeutic strategies. This study introduces Bacillus sonorensis PMC204, a novel probiotic strain with potent anti-tuberculosis properties identified through extensive screening. PMC204 significantly reduced M. tuberculosis H37Rv and XDR strains within Raw 264. 7 macrophage cells. Moreover, membrane vesicles (MVs) derived from this strain exhibited superior inhibitory effects against both standard and XDR strains of M. tuberculosis. Proteomic analysis of the isolated MVs revealed a high abundance of flagellin proteins, which are hypothesized to play a pivotal role in the observed anti-tuberculosis effects. These findings also suggest a close link between the therapeutic efficacy of PMC204 and autophagy activation. Safety assessments further demonstrated the feasibility of PMC204 as a potential anti-tuberculosis therapeutic. The anti-tuberculosis activity of bacterial MVs represents an innovative approach in microbiome therapeutics, positioning PMC204 as a next-generation probiotic distinct from conventional strains. This study contributes to advancing the field of microbiome-based therapeutics and presents promising avenues for managing drug-resistant tuberculosis.
Semantics
| Type | Source | Name |
|---|---|---|
| disease | MESH | Tuberculosis |
| pathway | KEGG | Tuberculosis |
| disease | IDO | role |
| pathway | REACTOME | Autophagy |
| disease | MESH | drug-resistant tuberculosis |