Publication date: Aug 01, 2025
BACKGROUNDEthiopia has reported a high rate of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). We aimed to identify the epidemiology of TB (sub-) lineages and the transmission cluster of EPTB as understanding the driving genotypes helps to implement appropriate intervention. METHODSIn a cross-sectional study conducted between 2022-2023, whole genome sequencing was employed on microbiologically confirmed EPTB isolates. A bioinformatics pipeline MTBSeq was used to analyze genomic data. RESULTSThe majority (98. 1%) of study isolates belonged to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) species, and the remaining 1. 9% were identified as Mycobacterium bovis. The MTB species were further classified into 4 common lineages and 15 sub-lineages. The Euro-American lineage 4 (63. 8%) and East African Indian lineage 3 (31. 9%) were predominant. Lineage 4 was further branched into 11 sub-lineages, of which the group Clade1 (n = 78, 48. 8%) was the highest, followed by the Haarlem branch (n = 19, 11. 9%). The clustering rate and recent transmission index were 12. 5% and 6. 9% respectively. The risk of rifampicin resistance increases among (sub-)lineage 4. 2.2 genotypes. CONCLUSIONThere was high genotype variability and low clustering rate among main MTBC genotypes and (sub-)lineages of EPTB. M. bovis was detected among EPTB patients in central urban areas. .
Semantics
| Type | Source | Name |
|---|---|---|
| disease | IDO | intervention |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Rifampicin |
| disease | MESH | Tuberculosis |
| pathway | KEGG | Tuberculosis |