Publication date: Jul 23, 2025
Nipah virus (NiV) causes a severe neurological disease in humans. The first NiV outbreak, in Malaysia, involved pig-to-human transmission, that resulted in significant economic losses to the local pig industry. Despite the risk NiV poses to pig-dense regions, no licensed vaccines exist. This study therefore assessed three NiV vaccine candidates in pigs: (1) adjuvanted soluble NiV (s)G protein, (2) adjuvanted pre-fusion stabilised NiV (mcs)F protein, and (3) adenoviral vectored NiV G (ChAdOx1 NiV G). NiV sG induced the strongest neutralising antibody response, NiV mcsF induced antibodies best able to neutralise cell-cell fusion, whereas ChAdOx1 NiV G elicited CD8 T-cell responses. Despite differences in immunogenicity, prime-boost immunisation with all candidates conferred a high degree of protection against NiV infection. Follow-up studies demonstrated longevity of immune responses and broadly comparable immune responses in Bangladeshi pigs under field conditions. These studies provide a platform for developing a NiV vaccine for pigs.
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| Concepts | Keywords |
|---|---|
| Bangladeshi | Adjuvanted |
| Cd8 | Candidates |
| Economic | Cell |
| Pig | Chadox1 |
| Vaccines | Fusion |
| Health | |
| Mcsf | |
| Nipah | |
| Niv | |
| Pig | |
| Pigs | |
| Protein | |
| Vaccine | |
| Vaccines | |
| Virus |
Semantics
| Type | Source | Name |
|---|---|---|
| disease | MESH | causes |
| disease | IDO | cell |
| disease | MESH | NiV infection |
| disease | IDO | protein |
| disease | IDO | host |