Publication date: Mar 01, 2025

A previous study demonstrated noninferior efficacy of 4-month rifapentine/moxifloxacin regimen for tuberculosis (TB) treatment compared with the standard regimen. We explored results among study participants with diabetes. Among 2,516 randomized participants, 181 (7. 2%) had diabetes. Of 166 participants with diabetes in the microbiologically eligible analysis group, 26. 3% (15/57) had unfavorable outcomes in the control regimen, 13. 8% (8/58) in the rifapentine/moxifloxacin regimen, and 29. 4% (15/51) in the rifapentine regimen. The difference in proportion of unfavorable outcomes between the control and rifapentine/moxifloxacin arms in the microbiologically eligible analysis group was -12. 5% (95% CI -27. 0% to 1. 9%); the difference between the control and rifapentine arms was 3. 1% (95% CI -13. 8% to 20. 0%). Safety outcomes were similar in the rifapentine/moxifloxacin regimen and control arms. Among participants with TB and diabetes, the rifapentine/moxifloxacin arm had fewest unfavorable outcomes and was safe. Our findings indicate that the rifapentine/moxifloxacin regimen can be used in persons with TB and diabetes.

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