Diagnostic accuracy of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Publication date: Dec 27, 2024

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has emerged as a promising tool in clinical practice due to its unbiased approach to pathogen detection. Its diagnostic performance in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), however, remains to be fully evaluated. This study aims to systematically review and Meta-analyze the diagnostic accuracy of mNGS in patients with PTB. We conducted a literature search in PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases, including studies published up to 2024. Studies comparing the diagnostic accuracy of mNGS with other methods such as Xpert-MTB/RIF and Mycobacteria tuberculosis (MTB) culture using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), sputum, and lung biopsy tissue were included. Preclinical studies, review articles, editorials, conference abstracts, and book chapters were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed using Rev-man5, R package metabias, and Stata software. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of mNGS for PTB were 83% (95% CI: 69-91%) and 99% (95% CI: 92-100%), respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed that in BALF, mNGS demonstrated a pooled sensitivity of 73% (95% CI: 61-82%) and specificity of 98% (95% CI: 92-100%); in the sputum, the pooled sensitivity was 60% (95% CI: 38-87%) with a specificity of 99% (95% CI: 96-100%); and in the lung biopsy tissue, the pooled sensitivity was 71% (95% CI: 38-95%) and the specificity was 98% (95% CI: 93-100%). For Xpert-MTB/RIF, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 72% (95% CI: 53-85%) and 100% (95%CI: 100-100%), respectively. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that in BALF, Xpert-MTB/RIF exhibited a pooled sensitivity of 69% (95% CI: 53-81%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI: 77-100%). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of mycobacteria culture were 50% (95% CI: 36-64%) and 100% (95% CI: 83-100%), respectively. Subgroup analyses indicated that in BALF, the pooled sensitivity of mycobacteria culture was 44% (95% CI: 37-52%) with a specificity of 100% (95% CI: 8-100%); in the sputum, the pooled sensitivity was 42% (95% CI: 21-65%) and the specificity was 100% (95% CI: 100-100%). When combining mNGS with Xpert-MTB/RIF, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 79% (95% CI: 40-97%) and 98% (95% CI: 95-100%), respectively. mNGS demonstrates similar diagnostic accuracy to Xpert-MTB/RIF in PTB and outperforms mycobacteria culture in terms of sensitivity. Furthermore, mNGS exhibits good detection capabilities across various PTB clinical samples. PROSPERO CRD42023427586.

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Concepts Keywords
Biopsy Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
Crd42023427586 Diagnosis
Mycobacteria High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
Pulmonary Humans
Metagenomics
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB)
Sensitivity and Specificity
Sputum
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
Xpert-MTB/RIF

Semantics

Type Source Name
disease MESH pulmonary tuberculosis
disease IDO pathogen
disease MESH tuberculosis
pathway KEGG Tuberculosis
drug DRUGBANK Methionine
pathway REACTOME Reproduction
drug DRUGBANK (S)-Des-Me-Ampa
drug DRUGBANK Coenzyme M
disease MESH death
disease IDO infectious agent
disease MESH AIDS
disease MESH malaria
pathway KEGG Malaria
disease IDO assay
disease MESH confusion
drug DRUGBANK Gold
disease IDO nucleic acid
drug DRUGBANK Rifampicin
disease IDO bacteria
disease IDO country
drug DRUGBANK Saquinavir
drug DRUGBANK Trestolone
drug DRUGBANK Indoleacetic acid
disease MESH tic
disease MESH infections
disease MESH Emergency
disease MESH Infectious Diseases
disease MESH latent tuberculosis infection
disease MESH Morbidity
disease MESH lung disease
disease IDO susceptibility
drug DRUGBANK Isoniazid
pathway REACTOME Infectious disease
disease IDO infectious disease
drug DRUGBANK Bedaquiline
disease IDO infection
disease IDO blood
disease MESH extrapulmonary tuberculosis
disease IDO algorithm
disease MESH bacterial Diseases
disease MESH tuberculous meningitis
disease MESH Thoracic Disease

Original Article

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