Publication date: Dec 25, 2024

As China is scaling up tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in its national programmes, the objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and performance of 6-month regimen of isoniazid monotherapy (6H) in terms of preventive therapy acceptance, adherence, effectiveness and outcomes in minority areas with a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV/AIDS. A prospective observational cohort study was initiated among 461 PLHIV in Butuo County after ruling out active TB (ATB) and followed up for up to 3 years to collect incidence events in real-world settings. TB incidence and protective rates were calculated. The risk factors related to acceptance and adherence were identified using a logistic regression model. Of the 688 PLHIV screened for TB, 115 (16. 72 %) had ATB. Among the 461 participants eligible for 6H, 392 (85. 03%) initiated 6H, and 277 (70. 67%) completed the therapy. In total, 15 were identified as having ATB during follow-up. The incidence of ATB in the complete group was 0. 62/100 person years (95% CI 0. 20 to 1. 45) as compared with the incomplete group 2. 96/100 person years (95% CI 1. 36 to 5. 63) (p=0. 005), and the protective rate of 6H was 79. 05%. The protection rate between the complete and incomplete and refusal groups was 69. 31%. In total, 142 (36. 22%) patients experienced adverse drug reactions during isoniazid preventive therapy. The logistic regression model revealed several factors associated with 6H acceptance: first CD4 T lymphocyte count was between 200 and 350 cells/mm (adjusted OR (aOR)=0. 30, 95% CI 0. 10 to 0. 92) or>500 cells/mm (aOR=0. 25, 95% CI 0. 08 to 0. 77). Factors associated with 6H adherence: 36-45 years old (aOR=2. 76, 95% CI 1. 49 to 5. 10), middle school education (aOR=0. 26, 95% CI 0. 08 to 0. 79) and history of prior TB (aOR=0. 09, 95% CI 0. 05 to 0. 20). 6H can reduce the incidence of ATB in minority areas with high burdens of TB and HIV/AIDS. Periodic counselling of patients on adherence and retraining of the TPT staff are essential. Health monitoring and education for specific populations improve TPT acceptance and adherence.

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