Gender and sex differences in occupation-specific infectious diseases: a systematic review.

Publication date: Aug 21, 2024

Occupational infectious disease risks between men and women have often been attributed to the gendered distribution of the labour force, with limited comparative research on occupation-specific infectious disease risks. The objective of this study was to compare infectious disease risks within the same occupations by gender. A systematic review of peer-reviewed studies published between 2016 and 2021 was undertaken. To be included, studies were required to report infectious disease risks for men, women or non-binary people within the same occupation. The included studies were appraised for methodological quality. A post hoc power calculation was also conducted. 63 studies were included in the systematic review. Among high-quality studies with statistical power (9/63), there was evidence of a higher hepatitis risk for men than for women among patient-facing healthcare workers (HCWs) and a higher parasitic infection risk for men than for women among farmers (one study each). The rest of the high-quality studies (7/63) reported no difference between men and women, including for COVID-19 risk among patient-facing HCWs and physicians, hepatitis risk among swine workers, influenza risk among poultry workers, tuberculosis risk among livestock workers and toxoplasmosis risk among abattoir workers. The findings suggest that occupational infectious disease risks are similarly experienced for men and women within the same occupation with a few exceptions showing a higher risk for men. Future studies examining gender/sex differences in occupational infectious diseases need to ensure adequate sampling by gender.

Concepts Keywords
Covid Communicable diseases
Influenza Occupational Health
Livestock Risk assessment
Physicians
Women

Semantics

Type Source Name
disease MESH infectious diseases
pathway REACTOME Infectious disease
disease MESH hepatitis
disease MESH parasitic infection
disease MESH COVID-19
disease MESH influenza
disease MESH tuberculosis
pathway KEGG Tuberculosis
disease MESH toxoplasmosis
pathway KEGG Toxoplasmosis
disease MESH Sexual and Gender Disorders

Original Article

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